The Francois 1er (Francois the 1st) style of furniture was popular during the reign of King Francois I (1515-1547). He was a contemporary of Henry VIII of England.  His signature marks were the crown, the letter “F” and the salamander. The salamander, as a symbol, was associated with fire and had deep mythological and alchemical roots. It was believed to have the ability to survive and extinguish fire, making it a potent symbol of power, rebirth, and transformation. This symbolism deeply resonated with Francis I, who aspired to establish himself as a powerful and transformative ruler. A huge patron of the arts, King Francis brought many artists and craftsmen from Italy to France.  Their influence on style resulted in ornate, decorative, richly carved furniture and a considered use of dark woods.

 

Bronze d'oré, also known as ormolu or gilt bronze, was a decorative finish used on luxury furnishings in the 18th and 19th centuries. An application of finely ground high carat gold and mercury amalgam was placed on objects of bronze. When subjected to extremely high heat, the mercury evaporated, leaving behind a lustrous coating of gold, as can be seen on these fine candelabra.